Synchronization and antisynchronization of N ‐coupled fractional‐order complex chaotic systems with ring connection

This paper is devoted to investigate synchronization and antisynchronization of N ‐coupled general fractional‐order complex chaotic systems described by a unified mathematical expression with ring connection. By means of the direct design method, the appropriate controllers are designed to transform the fractional‐order error dynamical system into a nonlinear system with antisymmetric structure. Thus, by using the recently established result for the Caputo fractional derivative of a quadratic function and a fractional‐order extension of the Lyapunov direct method, several stability criteria are derived to ensure the occurrence of synchronization and antisynchronization among N ‐coupled fractional‐order complex chaotic systems. Moreover, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.