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Risk factors and timing of postoperative hematomas following microvascular breast reconstruction: A prospective cohort study
Author(s) -
Phan Robert,
Rozen Warren M.,
Chowdhry Muhammed,
Fitzgerald O'Connor Edmund,
HunterSmith David J.,
Ramakrishnan Venkat V.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
microsurgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.031
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1098-2752
pISSN - 0738-1085
DOI - 10.1002/micr.30473
Subject(s) - medicine , hematoma , surgery , anastomosis , breast reconstruction , free flap , prospective cohort study , postoperative hematoma , microsurgery , complication , breast cancer , cancer
Background Microvascular free tissue transfer has become the gold standard for breast reconstruction. While safe and reliable, there are operative complications, with hematomas developing under the free flap among the more common. These can compromise flap viability, lead to hemodynamic instability and infection. This study aims to identify predictors of hematomas following free‐flap breast reconstruction. Methods A prospective study was undertaken of patients undergoing autologous free‐flap breast reconstruction over a 4‐year period. Precise times to hematoma formation, age, arterial and venous anastomosis time, and anastomosis length were recorded and analyzed for association with time to hematoma formation. Results One thousand two hundred twelve flaps were undertaken in 1,070 patients during the period of review. Seventy‐one (5.8%) flaps were taken back to theater for hematomas. Immediate reconstruction had a significantly higher hematoma rate compared to delayed reconstruction 7.4% versus 5.2% ( p < .001). It is noted that there were two main peaks for time to develop hematomas—less than 4 hr postsurgery and between 12 and 15 hr postsurgery. Conclusion Hematomas are a complication, which must be managed with prompt return to theater to ensure flap salvage and patient stabilization. Predictors for hematoma are presented, with hematomas most likely encountered within the first 12 hr of surgery.