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Pre‐ and postischemic pulsed acoustic cellular expression conditioning modulates expression of inflammation factors in cremaster ischemia/reperfusion injury model
Author(s) -
Cwykiel Joanna M.,
Klimczak Aleksandra,
Krokowicz Lukasz,
Siemionow Maria
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
microsurgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.031
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1098-2752
pISSN - 0738-1085
DOI - 10.1002/micr.22048
Subject(s) - medicine , ischemia , proinflammatory cytokine , chemokine , inflammation , reperfusion injury , immunostaining , immunology , immunohistochemistry
Pulsed acoustic cellular expression (PACE) is a treatment that applies focused acoustic shock waves to promote tissue healing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PACE treatment on inflammatory responses in a cremaster muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Seventeen cremaster muscle flaps were evaluated in four groups: nonischemic controls ( n = 5), 5‐hour ischemia controls ( n = 4), preischemic (5‐hour) PACE conditioning ( n = 4), and postischemic (5‐hour) PACE conditioning ( n = 4). The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, GM‐CSF) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CXCL4) was assessed using TaqMan® real‐time PCR. Expression of ELAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and ICAM‐1 was assessed by immunostaining. Preischemic PACE conditioning upregulated expression of IL‐6, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL4, and downregulated expression of TNFα, GM‐CSF, and IL‐1α. Postischemic PACE conditioning significantly decreased expression of all evaluated genes. Pre‐ and postischemic PACE conditioning decreased expression of ELAM‐1 and ICAM‐1. Results of the study indicate that application of PACE conditioning may have a beneficial effect on the recovery of tissues subjected to the ischemia/reperfusion injury. Postischemic PACE conditioning revealed anti‐inflammatory effect as confirmed by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules (ELAM‐1 and ICAM‐1) that are responsible for leukocyte recruitment into ischemic tissues. Hence, PACE therapy may be used effectively in clinical practice as a convenient therapeutic strategy to protect tissues against ischemia/reperfusion related injury after microsurgical procedures of free tissue transfers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.