Open AccessCalibration of non‐catching precipitation measurement instruments: A review
Author(s) -
Lanza L. G.,
Merlone A.,
Cauteruccio A.,
Chinchella E.,
Stagnaro M.,
Dobre M.,
Garcia Izquierdo M. C.,
Nielsen J.,
Kjeldsen H.,
Roulet Y. A.,
Coppa G.,
Musacchio C.,
Bordianu C.,
Parrondo M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
meteorological applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.672
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1469-8080
pISSN - 1350-4827
DOI - 10.1002/met.2002
Subject(s) - calibration , metrology , precipitation , environmental science , measure (data warehouse) , computer science , remote sensing , systems engineering , mechanical engineering , meteorology , engineering , physics , geography , data mining , mathematics , optics , statistics
Non‐catching type gauges are the emerging class of in situ precipitation measurement instruments. For these instruments, rigorous testing and calibration are more challenging than for traditional gauges. Hydrometeors characteristics like particle size, shape, fall velocity and density must be reproduced in a controlled environment to provide the reference precipitation, instead of the equivalent water flow used for catching‐type gauges. They are generally calibrated by the manufacturers using internal procedures developed for the specific technology employed. No agreed methodology exists, and the adopted procedures are rarely traceable to internationally recognized standards. The EURAMET project 18NRM03 ‘INCIPIT’ on ‘Calibration and accuracy of non‐catching instruments to measure liquid/solid atmospheric precipitation’, funded by the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR), was initiated in 2019 to investigate calibration and accuracy issues of non‐catching measuring instruments used for liquid/solid atmospheric precipitation measurement. A survey of the existing models of non‐catching type instruments was initially performed and this paper provides an overview and a description of their working principles and the adopted calibration procedures. Both literature works and technical manuals disclosed by manufacturers are summarized and discussed, while current limitations and metrological requirements are identified.