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Pattern recognition receptor‐mediated inflammation in diabetic vascular complications
Author(s) -
Wang Xu,
Antony Victor,
Wang Yi,
Wu Gaojun,
Liang Guang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
medicinal research reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.868
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1098-1128
pISSN - 0198-6325
DOI - 10.1002/med.21711
Subject(s) - inflammation , pattern recognition receptor , proinflammatory cytokine , innate immune system , damp , chemokine , immunology , pathogenesis , extracellular , neutrophil extracellular traps , medicine , immune system , receptor , intracellular , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , physics , meteorology
The innate immune system contains multiple classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the intracellular and extracellular space. Although PRRs are indispensable for the detection and clearance of invading pathogens, dysregulated PRR activation by extrinsic and intrinsic factors leads to inflammatory diseases. PRR‐mediated inflammation has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications (DVCs), which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Upon sensing hyperglycemia‐generated DAMPs, PRRs activate intracellular signaling pathways leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in various cells of the kidney, brain, eye, and heart. The resulting chronic, low‐grade inflammation contributes to DVCs. In this review, we summarize the role of PRRs in DVCs including diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy. We propose that targeting PRRs and associated signaling pathways may be beneficial for the management of DVCs.