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Mechanisms and pathways of anti‐inflammatory activity of DPP‐4 inhibitors in cardiovascular and renal protection
Author(s) -
Tomovic Katarina,
Lazarevic Jelena,
Kocic Gordana,
DeljaninIlic Marina,
Anderluh Marko,
Smelcerovic Andrija
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
medicinal research reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.868
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1098-1128
pISSN - 0198-6325
DOI - 10.1002/med.21513
Subject(s) - inflammation , dipeptidyl peptidase 4 , oxidative stress , kidney , pharmacology , fibrosis , chemistry , endocrinology , medicine , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) cleaves N‐terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides. Due to its ubiquitous distribution, many pathological processes are associated with altered DPP‐4 expression and activity. Besides the regulation of glucose metabolism, DPP‐4 also exhibits many other systemic effects, and the inhibition of its activity might lead to cardiovascular and renal protection. Mechanisms underlying these protective effects of DPP‐4 inhibition are ascribed to elevated bioavailability of its substrates, to impacts on mediators and signaling pathways that ameliorate cardiovascular and renal function through the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis, improved endothelial function and tissue reparation. Inflammation contributes to and promotes progression of cardiovascular and renal disorders. Herein, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the anti‐inflammatory activity of clinically used DPP‐4 inhibitors in cardiovascular and renal protection.