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Potential lymphangiogenesis therapies: Learning from current antiangiogenesis therapies—A review
Author(s) -
Yamakawa Michael,
Doh Susan J.,
Santosa Samuel M.,
Montana Mario,
Qin Ellen C.,
Kong Hyunjoon,
Han KyuYeon,
Yu Charles,
Rosenblatt Mark I.,
Kazlauskas Andrius,
Chang JinHong,
Azar Dimitri T.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
medicinal research reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.868
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1098-1128
pISSN - 0198-6325
DOI - 10.1002/med.21496
Subject(s) - lymphangiogenesis , medicine , lymphatic system , lymphedema , vascular endothelial growth factor c , metastasis , cancer research , bioinformatics , cancer , pathology , vascular endothelial growth factor , vegf receptors , vascular endothelial growth factor a , biology , breast cancer
In recent years, lymphangiogenesis, the process of lymphatic vessel formation from existing lymph vessels, has been demonstrated to have a significant role in diverse pathologies, including cancer metastasis, organ graft rejection, and lymphedema. Our understanding of the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis has advanced on the heels of studies demonstrating vascular endothelial growth factor C as a central pro‐lymphangiogenic regulator and others identifying multiple lymphatic endothelial biomarkers. Despite these breakthroughs and a growing appreciation of the signaling events that govern the lymphangiogenic process, there are no FDA‐approved drugs that target lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we reflect on the lessons available from the development of antiangiogenic therapies (26 FDA‐approved drugs to date), review current lymphangiogenesis research including nanotechnology in therapeutic drug delivery and imaging, and discuss molecules in the lymphangiogenic pathway that are promising therapeutic targets.