Recent advances of medical biosensors for clinical applications

The determination of clinically important biomolecules such as proteins, amino acids, antibodies, enzymes, nucleic acids, hormones and cells is necessary to figure out the physiological and biological functions and also to develop the diagnostics platforms. The improvement of medical biosensors for highly selective, sensitive and rapid biomolecule detection has fundamental significance for clinical diagnostics. Many potential analytical complexities can be smoothly sorted by the biosensors. Health problems have appeared due to the rising population with a risk of chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, prostate, stroke, cardiovascular disease and cancer that require to be deciphered for common health. This review summarizes the importance of medical biosensors for clinical applications, and the use of medical biosensors in the diagnosis of various diseases is extensively discussed with different types of biosensors. Conclusion and future outlooks are mentioned at the end of the review.