Open AccessLaser‐pyrolysed paper electrodes for the square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetric detection of lead
Author(s) -
Tasić Nikola,
Sousa de Oliveira Lucas,
Paixão Thiago R. L. C.,
Moreira Gonçalves Luís
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
medical devices & sensors
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2573-802X
DOI - 10.1002/mds3.10115
Subject(s) - repeatability , electrode , anodic stripping voltammetry , materials science , square wave , detection limit , laser , stripping (fiber) , reproducibility , tin , ceilometer , analytical chemistry (journal) , lead (geology) , optoelectronics , electrochemistry , nanotechnology , optics , metallurgy , chemistry , composite material , chromatography , electrical engineering , physics , voltage , lidar , geomorphology , geology , engineering
Single‐use screen‐printed electrodes are relatively economical, still, they may not be cheap enough for low‐income countries when including shipping costs, places where often in situ water analysis is of great relevance. This work displays the proof of concept of applying laser‐pyrolysed paper electrodes (LPPEs) for lead (Pb) quantification. By simply and carefully burning ordinary cardboard with a commercially available CO 2 laser, it was possible to fabricate low‐cost electrodes with a carbon‐based material as the electroactive surface. By means of square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), and using zinc (Zn) as an internal standard ( E p = −1.02 vs. Ag), a limit of detection (LOD) of 6 ppb was attained for lead ( E p = −0.46 V vs. Ag) along with other suitable analytical performance parameters, such as 4% of repeatability and 5% of reproducibility.