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Is failed predictive control a risk factor for focal dystonia?
Author(s) -
Stein Peter,
Saltzman Elliot,
Holt Kenneth,
Sternad Dagmar
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.26818
Subject(s) - dystonia , focal dystonia , task (project management) , psychology , handwriting , cognitive psychology , motor control , physical medicine and rehabilitation , psychomotor learning , neuroscience , computer science , cognition , artificial intelligence , medicine , management , economics
Task‐specific focal dystonia (TSFD) is a disorder marked by degraded coordination in complex and exacting psychomotor tasks, such as musical performance. Its development is associated with prolonged and intensive practice of these tasks, but the etiology of TSFD is still unknown. The prevailing hypothesis was informed by findings in primates following repetitive simple grasping actions. This model implies, however, that complex manual tasks that yield more intricate and subtly varying sensorimotor patterns, as found in musical performance and handwriting, should be unlikely to lead to focal dystonia. Hypothesis We propose an alternative, “predictive‐control” etiological hypothesis: When an overtaxed performer exhibits poorly controlled variability and errors in motor execution of a well‐learned, high‐precision task, predictive control processes deteriorate. This includes, in particular, those related to the formation or updating of a forward dynamic model that maps motor commands to predicted end‐effector state, e.g. position and velocity of a key‐pressing digit. Conclusion Based on a critical literature review we argue that this results in the characteristic signs of focal dystonia, such as freezing, halting and inappropriate co‐contraction specific to the task. Directions for future research are briefly discussed. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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