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Prevalence of anxiety in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
Broen Martijn P. G.,
Narayen Nadia E.,
Kuijf Mark L.,
Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. W.,
Leentjens Albert F. G.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.26643
Subject(s) - anxiety , hamilton anxiety rating scale , specific phobia , panic disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , anxiety disorder , psychiatry , clinical psychology , meta analysis , rating scale , panic , psychology , phobic disorder , medicine , developmental psychology
Objective Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) vary widely, ranging from 6% up to 55%. The aim of this systematic review was to calculate the average point prevalence of anxiety disorders and clinically relevant anxiety symptoms in PD. Methods Using PubMed, we carried out a systematic literature search for studies reporting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual –defined anxiety disorders or clinically relevant anxiety symptoms assessed by an anxiety rating scale. Results A total of 49 articles were included and assessed for quality, and 45 articles fulfilled the quality criteria. The average point prevalence of anxiety disorders in PD was 31%, with nonepisodic anxiety being more prevalent than episodic anxiety. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most frequent in 14%, followed by social phobia (13.8%), anxiety not otherwise specified (13.3%), and specific phobia (13.0%). Panic disorder with or without phobia was present in 6.8% of PD patients. Of the patients, 31% fulfilled the criteria for current multiple anxiety disorders. Based on anxiety rating scale cutoff scores, clinically significant anxiety symptoms were present in a weighted average of 25.7%. Conclusion This systematic review confirms that anxiety, although often unrecognized, is very common and highlights the need for efficient identification of anxiety in PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society