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DAT imaging and clinical biomarkers in relatives at genetic risk for LRRK2 R1441G Parkinson's disease
Author(s) -
Bergareche Alberto,
RodríguezOroz Maria Cruz,
Estanga Ainara,
Gorostidi Ana,
López de Munain Adolfo,
CastilloTriviño Tamara,
RuizMartínez Javier,
Mondragón Elisabet,
Gaig Carles,
Lomeña Francisco,
Sarasqueta Cristina,
Tolosa Eduardo,
MartíMassó José Félix
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.26478
Subject(s) - putamen , dopaminergic , caudate nucleus , psychology , medicine , lrrk2 , parkinson's disease , asymptomatic , endocrinology , neuroscience , disease , dopamine
ABSTRACT Background The objective of this study was to study motor and nonmotor symptoms and striatal dopaminergic denervation, as well as the relationship between them, in a cohort of asymptomatic relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with the R1441G‐leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 mutation. Methods Asymptomatic relatives of patients with PD and this mutation were tested for the presence of the mutation and evaluated for striatal, putamenal, and caudate dopaminergic transporters using 123 I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography binding ratios. Clinical and neuropsychological evaluations including timed motor tests, a smell identification test, and global cognition, attention, executive, visuospatial, and memory functions as well as depression, constipation, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder were also assessed. Results Twenty‐seven carriers and 19 noncarriers were studied. Compared with noncarriers, mutation carriers had significantly lower 123 I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropan mean striatal ( P = 0.03), mean putamenal ( P = 0.01), and lowest putamenal ( P = 0.01) binding ratios. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the carrier status and the execution of timed tests significantly predicted striatal 123 I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane binding. The proportion of variation accounted for by the regression model of these variables was 69% for the putamen and 53% for the caudate nucleus. Conclusions Asymptomatic carriers of the R1441G‐leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 mutation have evidence of dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation, mainly in the putamen, which is associated with a decline in the execution of complex motor tests. These tests could be early indicators of the ongoing dopaminergic deficit in this group at risk of PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society