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Variable number tandem repeats in dopamine receptor D4 in Tourette's syndrome
Author(s) -
Liu Shiguo,
Cui Jiajia,
Zhang Xinhua,
Wu Weifeng,
Niu Haitao,
Ma Xu,
Xu Hongmei,
Yi Mingji
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.26027
Subject(s) - variable number tandem repeat , transmission disequilibrium test , allele , tourette syndrome , tandem repeat , genetics , genotype , population , biology , medicine , haplotype , psychiatry , gene , environmental health , genome
Background We attempted to clarify the association between dopamine receptor D4 ( DRD4 ) 48‐bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism and Tourette's syndrome. Methods The DRD4 48‐bp VNTR polymorphism was genotyped in 291 Tourette's syndrome patients (including 218 trios) and 405 controls. Chi‐square and transmission disequilibrium test analysis were used to compare genetic distributions. We retrieved related studies in a meta‐analysis to clarify the role of 2‐repeat and 4‐repeat alleles in the pathogenesis. Results Obvious genotype and allele distribution differences were observed between patients and healthy controls for both 2‐repeat and 4‐repeat alleles. This was verified using transmission disequilibrium test analysis. Meta‐analysis showed strong associations in both the total population and the Asian population. Conclusions The DRD4 48‐bp VNTR polymorphism appears to be associated with Tourette's syndrome, with the 2‐repeat allele performing a protective role and the 4‐repeat allele a nonprotective role in the genesis of the disease. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society