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Eye symptoms in relatives of patients with primary adult‐onset dystonia
Author(s) -
Defazio Giovanni,
Abbruzzese Giovanni,
Stella Aniello Maria,
Di Fede Roberta,
Esposito Marcello,
Fabbrini Giovanni,
Girlanda Paolo,
Liguori Rocco,
Marinelli Lucio,
Martino Davide,
Morgante Francesca,
Santoro Lucio,
Tinazzi Michele,
Berardelli Alfredo
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.24026
Subject(s) - blepharospasm , focal dystonia , dystonia , medicine , pediatrics , age of onset , cervical dystonia , botulinum toxin , psychology , surgery , psychiatry , disease
Methods: Using a validated questionnaire, we screened eye symptoms (burning sensation, grittiness, dry eye) in 333 first‐degree relatives of 140 probands with different forms of primary adult‐onset dystonia, 208 healthy subjects, and 293 patients with primary blepharospasm. Results: The rate of eye symptoms was similar in the relatives of focal dystonia patients and in healthy subjects (adjusted HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7–1.7; P = .69), thus suggesting a common origin of eye symptoms in both groups. A higher rate was observed in blepharospasm patients (adjusted HR, 2; 95% CI, 1.4–2.9; P < .0001). Relatives of focal dystonia patients who developed blepharospasm were more likely to have preceding eye symptoms than were relatives who developed focal dystonia other than blepharospasm (BSP) or relatives who did not develop dystonia. Conclusions: Eye symptoms reported by relatives of patients with focal dystonia probably result from eye diseases and are not part of the clinical spectrum of blepharospasm. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society