Premium
Nonmotor manifestations of dystonia: A systematic review
Author(s) -
Kuyper Daniel J.,
Parra Veronica,
Aerts Shanae,
Okun Michael S.,
Kluger Benzi M.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.23709
Subject(s) - dystonia , etiology , movement disorders , physical medicine and rehabilitation , cognition , medicine , psychology , neuroscience , psychiatry , disease , pathology
Nonmotor symptoms are increasingly recognized as important determinants of quality of life and disability in a wide range of movement disorders. There is a limited body of research suggesting that many of these symptoms are also commonly associated with primary and other genetic forms of dystonia. However, the significance, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of these symptoms remain poorly described. The following is a review of the literature that focuses primarily on the association of these types of dystonia with psychiatric disorders, cognition, sleep, pain, and autonomic symptoms. We will also discuss potential mechanisms and approaches to treatment for nonmotor features of dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society