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The intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of freezing of gait
Author(s) -
Hallett Mark
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.21836
Subject(s) - automaticity , gait , psychology , physical medicine and rehabilitation , neuroscience , basal ganglia , sensory system , medicine , cognition , central nervous system
Abstract Freezing of gait appears to result from a number of fundamental problems in patients with Parkinson disease. Automaticity is impaired, putting more stress on voluntary mechanisms. Internal drivers of movement are impaired, likely because of deficient basal ganglia function. Deficiency of internal forces to initiate movement is a major factor in freezing. This deficiency gives a greater influence to external or sensory factors. The sensory factors can both help or hinder freezing. Analogous to the problem with set‐shifting, there is also some difficulty in regulation of internal versus external factors and in regulation of different external factors. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society