Dystonia, mental deterioration, and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria in a family with ADAR1 mutation

A family with dystonia associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), mental deterioration, and tissue calcification is described. The proband possessed an adenosine deaminase acting on the RNA 1 gene ( ADAR1 ) mutation Gly1007Arg. This ADAR1 mutation could disturb RNA editing at Q/R sites of glutamate receptor in the brain and increase Ca 2+ influx into neurons, which is thought to induce dystonia and mental deterioration. The observations in our family raise the possibility that the ADAR1 mutation might be a direct cause or a predisposing factor for heredodegenerative dystonia. Further investigation of ADAR1 mutations will shed light on the genotype–phenotype correlation in DSH. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society