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Adult‐onset tic disorder, motor stereotypies, and behavioural disturbance associated with antibasal ganglia antibodies
Author(s) -
Edwards Mark J.,
Dale Russell C.,
Church Andrew J.,
Trikouli Eleni,
Quinn Niall P.,
Lees Andrew J.,
Giovani Gavin,
Bhatia Kailash P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.20126
Subject(s) - tics , psychology , tic disorder , age of onset , movement disorders , neurological disorder , etiology , lesion , central nervous system disease , pediatrics , medicine , neuroscience , disease , psychiatry
The onset of tics in adulthood is rare and, unlike the childhood variety, there is commonly a secondary environmental cause. We present four cases (1 man, 3 women) with an adult onset tic disorder (mean age of onset, 36 years; range, 27–42 years) associated with the presence of serum antibasal ganglia antibodies (ABGA). One patient had motor tics and unusual motor stereotypies, 2 had multiple motor and vocal tics, and the remaining patient had motor tics only. Concomitant psychiatric disturbance was noted in 3 cases. In 2 cases, there was a close temporal relationship between upper respiratory tract infection and the subsequent onset of tics. Imaging was possible in three cases and was normal in two but revealed a lesion involving the right caudate and lentiform nuclei in the other. We suggest that there might be a causal relationship between ABGA and the clinical syndrome in these cases and that ABGA should be considered as a possible etiology for adult‐onset tics. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society