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Familial paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia, epilepsy, and mental retardation in a family with autosomal dominant inheritance
Author(s) -
Perniola T.,
Margari L.,
de Iaco M.G.,
Presicci A.,
Ventura P.,
Ferrannini E.,
Illiceto G.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.352
H-Index - 198
eISSN - 1531-8257
pISSN - 0885-3185
DOI - 10.1002/mds.1117
Subject(s) - penetrance , dyskinesia , epilepsy , paroxysmal dyskinesia , anticipation (artificial intelligence) , neuropsychology , psychology , medicine , clonazepam , neuroimaging , pediatrics , psychiatry , cognition , genetics , disease , parkinson's disease , artificial intelligence , gene , computer science , biology , phenotype
Only few sporadic and familial cases of paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia (PED) have been described in literature. PED associated with familial epilepsy has been rarely reported. We describe a family in which six members in different generations were affected by a long‐lasting PED, with childhood onset in five cases. Fasting and stress were also precipitating factors. All the subjects, moreover, showed epileptic seizures during childhood and adolescence. In addition, in all cases a condition of mild mental retardation was also documented, associated in some cases, with irritable and impulsive behaviour. Clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings were reported. The homogeneous recurrence of this particular clinical picture in members of three generations emphasised a common genetic basis. In our patients, PED is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, with age‐dependent penetrance, without evidence of genetic anticipation. The neurophysiological findings suggest a condition of hyperexcitability in the muscular and brain membrane, due to a ion channels disorder. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.