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Substantia Nigra Echogenicity Predicts Response to Drug Withdrawal in Suspected Drug‐Induced Parkinsonism
Author(s) -
LópezSendón Moreno Jose L.,
AlonsoCánovas Araceli,
Buisán Catevilla Javier,
García Barragán Nuria,
Corral Corral Iñigo,
Felipe Mimbrera Alicia,
Matute Lozano María Consuelo,
Masjuan Vallejo Jaime,
MartínezCastrillo Juan Carlos
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
movement disorders clinical practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.754
H-Index - 18
ISSN - 2330-1619
DOI - 10.1002/mdc3.12281
Subject(s) - parkinsonism , discontinuation , medicine , drug withdrawal , drug , predictive value , echogenicity , substantia nigra , gastroenterology , anesthesia , surgery , parkinson's disease , psychiatry , ultrasonography , disease
Abstract Introduction Response to drug withdrawal in patients with suspected drug‐induced parkinsonism ( DIP ) is of prognostic and therapeutic importance, but cannot be predicted solely on clinical information. The aim of this study was to validate SN hyperechogenicity ( SN +) assessed by transcranial sonography as a predictor of response to drug withdrawal in this group of patients. Methods Patients were diagnosed according to previously published criteria and prospectively included in the study. All patients were followed until complete recovery of parkinsonian symptoms or at least for 6 months after discontinuation of the offending drug and then diagnosed as DIP or parkinsonism following neuroleptic exposure ( PFNE ). Transcranial sonography ( TCS ) findings were compared with the clinical diagnosis. Results Sixty patients comprised the group for the final analysis. Sixteen patients were classified as PFNE and 44 as DIP . The area of SN echogenicity was significantly increased in the PFNE group (0.23 cm 2 ; standard deviation [ SD ]: 0.04), compared to the DIP group (0.14 cm 2 ; SD , 0.05; one‐way analysis of variance; P < 0.001). Normal SN was significantly associated with complete recovery after withdrawal of the parkinsonism‐inducing drug ( P < 0.0005). Accuracy of SN + to distinguish PFNE from DIP was: sensitivity 81.2%; specificity 84.1%; positive predictive value 47.4%; and negative predictive value 96.2%. Conclusions We believe that SN + assessed with TCS is a valid prognostic marker in the setting of suspected DIP . It is a nonexpensive, feasible technique that can be implemented for proper counseling and guidance of treatment decisions.