Premium
Development of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale: Methodology
Author(s) -
Comella Cynthia L.,
Fox Susan H.,
Bhatia Kailash P.,
Perlmutter Joel S.,
Jinnah Hyder A.,
Zurowski Mateusz,
McDonald William M.,
Marsh Laura,
Rosen Ami R.,
Waliczek Tracy,
Wright Laura J.,
Galpern Wendy R.,
Stebbins Glenn T.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
movement disorders clinical practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.754
H-Index - 18
ISSN - 2330-1619
DOI - 10.1002/mdc3.12131
Subject(s) - cervical dystonia , spasmodic torticollis , rating scale , dystonia , physical therapy , physical medicine and rehabilitation , psychology , botulinum toxin , quality of life (healthcare) , medicine , psychiatry , developmental psychology , psychotherapist , neuroscience
We present the methodology utilized for development and clinimetric testing of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia ( CD ) Rating scale, or CCDRS . The CCDRS includes a revision of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale ( TWSTRS ‐2), a newly developed psychiatric screening tool ( TWSTRS ‐ PSYCH ), and the previously validated Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile ( CDIP ‐58). For the revision of the TWSTRS , the original TWSTRS was examined by a committee of dystonia experts at a dystonia rating scales workshop organized by the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. During this workshop, deficiencies in the standard TWSTRS were identified and recommendations for revision of the severity and pain subscales were incorporated into the TWSTRS ‐2. Given that no scale currently evaluates the psychiatric features of cervical dystonia ( CD ), we used a modified Delphi methodology and a reiterative process of item selection to develop the TWSTRS ‐ PSYCH . We also included the CDIP ‐58 to capture the impact of CD on quality of life. The three scales ( TWSTRS 2, TWSTRS ‐ PSYCH , and CDIP ‐58) were combined to construct the CCDRS . Clinimetric testing of reliability and validity of the CCDRS are described. The CCDRS was designed to be used in a modular fashion that can measure the full spectrum of CD . This scale will provide rigorous assessment for studies of natural history as well as novel symptom‐based or disease‐modifying therapies.