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Silibinin inhibits ultraviolet B radiation‐induced DNA‐damage and apoptosis by enhancing interleukin‐12 expression in JB6 cells and SKH‐1 hairless mouse skin
Author(s) -
Narayanapillai Sreekanth,
Agarwal Chapla,
Deep Gagan,
Agarwal Rajesh
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
molecular carcinogenesis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.254
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1098-2744
pISSN - 0899-1987
DOI - 10.1002/mc.22000
Subject(s) - silibinin , pyrimidine dimer , biology , dna damage , apoptosis , hairless , dna repair , cancer research , epidermis (zoology) , cytokine , carcinogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , dna , biochemistry , cancer , genetics , anatomy
Recent studies have demonstrated silibinin efficacy against ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced skin carcinogenesis via different mechanisms in cell lines and animal models; however, its role in regulating interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), an immunomodulatory cytokine that reduces UVB‐induced DNA damage and apoptosis, is not known. Here, we report that UVB irradiation causes caspase 3 and PARP cleavage and apoptosis, and addition of recombinant IL‐12 or silibinin immediately after UVB significantly protects UVB‐induced apoptosis in JB6 cells. IL‐12 antibody‐mediated blocking of IL‐12 activity compromised the protective effects of both IL‐12 and silibinin. Both silibinin and IL‐12 also accelerated the repair of UVB‐caused cyclobutane–pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in JB6 cells. Additional studies confirmed that indeed silibinin causes a significant increase in IL‐12 levels in UVB‐irradiated JB6 cells as well as in mouse skin epidermis, and that similar to cell‐culture findings, silibinin topical application immediately after UVB exposure causes a strong protection against UVB‐induced TUNEL positive cells in epidermis possibly through a significantly accelerated repair of UVB‐caused CPDs. Together, these findings for the first time provide an important insight regarding the pharmacological mechanism wherein silibinin induces endogenous IL‐12 in its efficacy against UVB‐caused skin damages. In view of the fact that an enhanced endogenous IL‐12 level could effectively remove UVB‐caused DNA damage and associated skin cancer, our findings suggest that the use of silibinin in UVB‐damaged human skin would also be a practical and translational strategy to manage solar radiation‐caused skin damages as well as skin cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.