Open AccessStreptococcus endopeptidases promote HPV infection in vitro
Author(s) -
Pavlova Sylvia I.,
Wilkening Reid V.,
Federle Michael J.,
Lu Yu,
Schwartz Joel,
Tao Lin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
microbiologyopen
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.881
H-Index - 36
ISSN - 2045-8827
DOI - 10.1002/mbo3.628
Subject(s) - furin , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , streptococcus gordonii , mutant , in vitro , virology , gene , streptococcaceae , genetics , biochemistry , antibiotics , enzyme
Both cervical and throat cancers are associated with human papillomavirus ( HPV ). HPV infection requires cleavage of the minor capsid protein L2 by furin. While furin is present in the vaginal epithelium, it is absent in oral epithelial basal cells where HPV infection occurs. The objective of this study was to investigate whether common oral bacteria express furin‐like peptidases. By screening strains representing 12 oral Streptococcus and Enterococcus species, we identified that eight Streptococcus strains displayed high levels of furin‐like peptidase activity, with S. gordonii V2016 the highest. We constructed null mutations for 14 genes encoding putative endopeptidases in S. gordonii V2016. Results showed that three endopeptidases, PepO, PulO, and SepM, had furin‐like activities. All three mutants showed decreased natural transformation by chromosomal DNA , while the pepO mutant also showed reduced transformation by plasmid DNA , indicating involvement of these endopeptidases in competence development. The purified S. gordonii PepO protein promoted infection of epithelial 293 TT cells in vitro by HPV 16 pseudovirus. In conclusion, oral bacteria might promote HPV infection and contribute to HPV tissue tropism and subsequent carcinogenesis in the oral cavity and throat by providing furin‐like endopeptidases.