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Nonaqueous Emulsions – A Versatile Tool for New Types of Functional Nanoparticles
Author(s) -
Haschick Robert,
Hoffmann Michael S.,
Zhao Yi,
Klapper Markus,
Müllen Klaus
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
macromolecular symposia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.257
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1521-3900
pISSN - 1022-1360
DOI - 10.1002/masy.201051004
Subject(s) - emulsion , materials science , polymer , chemical engineering , emulsion polymerization , polymerization , particle (ecology) , nanoparticle , solvent , copolymer , nanometre , polymer chemistry , phase (matter) , polyester , particle size , organic chemistry , chemistry , nanotechnology , composite material , oceanography , engineering , geology
Summary : The preparation of functional polymer latex particles is usually carried out in aqueous heterogeneous systems, i.e. for example in emulsion or mini‐emulsion polymerization. Due to the presence of water, moisture sensitive reactions like step growth polymerizations or metal catalyzed reactions can not be accomplished without side reactions and / or decomposition. In order to avoid these side reactions, different nonaqueous emulsion systems have been developed. According to the desired polymerization procedure, these systems consist of a nonpolar organic phase surrounded by a perfluorinated solvent or of a polar organic phase which is dispersed in a nonpolar organic solvent. Both emulsions are stabilized by amphipolar block copolymers and result in long time stable particle dispersions. The resulting dispersions yield particles with narrow size distributions and – depending on the reaction conditions – diameters down to tens of nanometers. This technique allows the formation of particles consisting of numerous different classes of polymers, e.g. polyurethanes, polyesters, polyolefins etc. and the formation of more complex morphologies such as core shell structures.