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Progress in Controlled Grafting‐From by Nitroxide Chemistry
Author(s) -
SaldívarGuerra Enrique,
BonillaCruz José,
HernándezMireles Brenda,
RamírezManzanares Grisel
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
macromolecular symposia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.257
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1521-3900
pISSN - 1022-1360
DOI - 10.1002/masy.200950915
Subject(s) - nitroxide mediated radical polymerization , polymer chemistry , chemistry , surface modification , copolymer , radical initiator , grafting , polybutadiene , monomer , moiety , polymer , substrate (aquarium) , radical polymerization , materials science , organic chemistry , oceanography , geology
A number of substrates (polymers and silica) have been functionalized with nitroxide moieties in order to obtain alkoxyamine groups along the substrate. The functionalized substrates have been further heated in the presence of monomers in order to grow controlled grafts by the grafting – from technique. Tested substrates include polybutadiene (PB), polyisoprene (PI), styrene – isoprene (SIS) and styrene – butadiene (SBS) tri‐block copolymers, EPDM, poly (dimethyl‐siloxane) (PDMS), poly(ethylene glycol) and silica. Two chemical paths involving nitroxide chemistry have been used for the functionalization step and are discussed in this work. In the first path, the substrate is heated in the presence of a nitroxide radical (N) and a radical initiator (I) or using only nitroxide. In the second path, useful for substrates containing hydroxyl groups, the functionalization of the substrate is obtained using an N‐oxoammonium TEMPO bromide salt in the presence of triethyl amine, which forms a peroxide group linked on one end to the substrate and on the other end to the TEMPO moiety. The mechanisms, structures and the resulting polymers (functionalized and grafted) have been studied by GPC, spectroscopic techniques and transmission electron microscopy.