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Solution and solid‐state NMR analysis of phenolic resin cure kinetics
Author(s) -
Neiss Thomas G.,
Vanderheiden Egbertus J.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
macromolecular symposia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.257
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1521-3900
pISSN - 1022-1360
DOI - 10.1002/masy.19940860110
Subject(s) - curing (chemistry) , materials science , kinetics , phenol , phenol formaldehyde resin , chemical engineering , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Phenolic condensate resins, produced from the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde, are important components in the chemical industry and have a wide variety of applications. Resins of this type are used in the aerospace industry to produce rocket motor components with strength and rigidity. While methods currently exist (e.g., DMA, DEA, calorimetry) for the examination of phenolic‐based systems during the curing process, none are available to directly measure the functionality and chemical degree of resin advancement during this process. Solution and solid‐state 13 C NMR spectroscopy can be implemented to examine the functional group content of the resin. Reactant and product moieties are spectrally resolved in both techniques and can be monitored during resin cure. 1 H wide‐line solid‐state NMR can be used to measure the rate of sample curing in situ by monitoring the sample T 2 relaxation time as a function of sample heating time. Comparison of these results with the 13 C NMR data will establish the degree of resin cure on a functional group basis.