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Mass spectrometric analysis of illicit drugs in wastewater and surface water
Author(s) -
Castiglioni Sara,
Zuccato Ettore,
Chiabrando Chiara,
Fanelli Roberto,
Bagnati Renzo
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
mass spectrometry reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1098-2787
pISSN - 0277-7037
DOI - 10.1002/mas.20168
Subject(s) - chemistry , wastewater , drugs of abuse , illicit drug , chromatography , solid phase extraction , surface water , mass spectrometry , liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry , tandem mass spectrometry , fragmentation (computing) , environmental chemistry , drug , pharmacology , environmental engineering , environmental science , medicine , computer science , operating system
Abstract Residues of illicit drugs have been recently found in urban wastewater and surface water. Their levels reflect the amount of drugs collectively excreted by consumers and can therefore be used to estimate drug abuse. An overview of the most widely used illicit drugs and of the analytical methods used for their detection in wastewater and surface water is presented here. Solid‐phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry are the techniques that have been used for these investigations. Instrumental conditions and fragmentation patterns of illicit drugs and their metabolites are described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 27: 378–394, 2008