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Indole, Phenyl, and Phenol Groups: The Role of the Comonomer on Gene Delivery in Guanidinium Containing Methacrylamide Terpolymers
Author(s) -
Hack Franz J.,
Cokca Ceren,
Städter Sebastian,
Hülsmann Juliana,
Peneva Kalina,
Fischer Dagmar
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
macromolecular rapid communications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.348
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1521-3927
pISSN - 1022-1336
DOI - 10.1002/marc.202000580
Subject(s) - methacrylamide , comonomer , polymer chemistry , chemistry , monomer , dispersity , reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization , chain transfer , polymerization , raft , gene delivery , polymer , organic chemistry , radical polymerization , biochemistry , acrylamide , transfection , gene
Abstract This report highlights the importance of hydrophobic groups mimicking the side chains of aromatic amino acids, which are tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, in guanidinium bearing poly(methacrylamide)s for the design of non‐viral gene delivery agents. Guanidinium containing methacrylamide terpolymers are prepared by aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer ( a RAFT) polymerization with different hydrophobic monomers, N ‐(2‐indolethyl)methacrylamide (IEMA), N ‐phenethylmethacrylamide (PhEMA), or N ‐(4‐hydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide (PhOHEMA) by aiming similar contents. The well‐defined polymers are obtained with a molar mass of ≈15 000 g mol −1 and ≈1.1 dispersity. All terpolymers demonstrate almost comparable in vitro cell viability and hemocompatibility profiles independent of the type of side chain. Although they all form positively charged, enzymatically stable polyplexes with plasmid DNA smaller than 200 nm, the incorporation of the IEMA monomer improve these parameters by demonstrating a higher DNA binding affinity and forming nanoassemblies of about 100 nm. These physicochemical characteristics are correlated with increased transfection rates in CHO‐K1 cells dependent on the type of the monomer and the nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio of the polyplexes, as determined by luciferase reporter gene assays.