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Recent Progress on Transition Metal Catalyst Separation and Recycling in ATRP
Author(s) -
Ding Mingqiang,
Jiang Xiaowu,
Zhang Lifen,
Cheng Zhenping,
Zhu Xiulin
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
macromolecular rapid communications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.348
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1521-3927
pISSN - 1022-1336
DOI - 10.1002/marc.201500085
Subject(s) - catalysis , transition metal , atom transfer radical polymerization , polymer , monomer , materials science , residue (chemistry) , polymerization , nanotechnology , combinatorial chemistry , chemical engineering , chemistry , organic chemistry , polymer chemistry , engineering
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a versatile and robust tool to synthesize a wide spectrum of monomers with various designable structures. However, it usually needs large amounts of transition metal as the catalyst to mediate the equilibrium between the dormant and propagating species. Unfortunately, the catalyst residue may contaminate or color the resultant polymers, which limits its application, especially in biomedical and electronic materials. How to efficiently and economically remove or reduce the catalyst residue from its products is a challenging and encouraging task. Herein, recent advances in catalyst separation and recycling are highlighted with a focus on (1) highly active ppm level transition metal or metal free catalyzed ATRP; (2) post‐purification method; (3) various soluble, insoluble, immobilized/soluble, and reversible supported catalyst systems; and (4) liquid‐liquid biphasic catalyzed systems, especially thermo‐regulated catalysis systems.