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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of iso ‐Butyl Methacrylate in Microemulsion with Cationic and Non‐Ionic Emulsifiers
Author(s) -
Kagawa Yasuyuki,
Kawasaki Masahiro,
Zetterlund Per B.,
Minami Hideto,
Okubo Masayoshi
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
macromolecular rapid communications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.348
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1521-3927
pISSN - 1022-1336
DOI - 10.1002/marc.200700577
Subject(s) - atom transfer radical polymerization , cationic polymerization , microemulsion , polymer chemistry , methacrylate , chemistry , polymerization , bromide , radical polymerization , aqueous solution , aqueous two phase system , organic chemistry , pulmonary surfactant , polymer , biochemistry
Direct atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of iso ‐butyl methacrylate in microemulsion has been performed successfully for the first time. ATRP was performed at 40 °C with different emulsifier systems: i) the cationic emulsifier n ‐tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB); and ii) mixed emulsifier systems based on TTAB and the non‐ionic emulsifiers Emulgen 911 or Emulgen 931. All polymerizations proceeded in a controlled/living fashion, and the microemulsions were transparent with particle diameters less than 15 nm. The emulsifier system TTAB/Emulgen 911 exhibited better control than TTAB only. This is proposed to be caused by complex formation between Emulgen 911 in the organic phase and CuBr 2 (the deactivator), thus reducing the extent of exit of CuBr 2 to the aqueous phase. The more hydrophilic Emulgen 931 did not lead to improved control.