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High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor Electrode Materials Using Freestanding Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Mats of Polyacrylonitrile and Novolac Blends
Author(s) -
Wang He,
Wang Hongjie,
Ruan Fangtao,
Wei Anfang,
Feng Quan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
macromolecular materials and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.913
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1439-2054
pISSN - 1438-7492
DOI - 10.1002/mame.202100040
Subject(s) - polyacrylonitrile , materials science , supercapacitor , nanofiber , carbonization , carbon nanofiber , electrospinning , electrolyte , specific surface area , chemical engineering , capacitance , carbon fibers , polymer , electrode , nanotechnology , composite material , carbon nanotube , catalysis , organic chemistry , scanning electron microscope , chemistry , composite number , engineering
Herein, this paper reports a facile method to prepare electrospun carbon nanofiber mats (ECNFMs) with high specific surface area and interconnected structure using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a precursor and novolac resin (NOC) as a polymer sacrificial pore‐making agent. Without additional treatment, the prepared ECNFMs have a highly porous structure because NOC decomposes in a wider temperature range than most polymer activators. The NOC content in the PAN nanofibers shows important effects on porosity. The BET specific surface area of ECNFMs reaches a maximum of 1468 m 2 g −1 when the precursor nanofibers contained 30 wt% NOC (ECNFM‐3) after carbonization at 1000 °C. The supercapacitor device from ECNFM‐3 electrode and all‐solid‐state electrolyte shows excellent cycling durability and high specific capacitance: ≈99.72% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles and ≈320 mF cm −2 at 0.25 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, it shows a large energy density of ≈11.1 μ Wh cm −2 under the power density of 500 mW m −2 . Activation of carbon nanofibers simply by the addition of NOC into precursor nanofibers can offer a handy way to prepare ECNFMs for high‐performance all‐solid‐state supercapacitors and other potential applications.