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Cellulose‐Derived Carbon Fibers with Improved Carbon Yield and Mechanical Properties
Author(s) -
Spörl Johanna M.,
Beyer Ronald,
Abels Falko,
Cwik Tomasz,
Müller Alexandra,
Hermanutz Frank,
Buchmeiser Michael R.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
macromolecular materials and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.913
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1439-2054
pISSN - 1438-7492
DOI - 10.1002/mame.201700195
Subject(s) - thermogravimetric analysis , materials science , carbonization , ultimate tensile strength , elemental analysis , cellulose , composite material , scanning electron microscope , carbon fibers , pyrolysis , raman spectroscopy , yield (engineering) , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , composite number , chemistry , physics , optics , engineering
The manufacture of high mechanical strength cellulose‐based carbon fibers (CFs) is accomplished in a continuous process at comparably low temperatures and with high carbon yields. Applying a sulfur‐based carbonization agent, i.e., ammonium tosylate (ATS), carbon yields of 37% (83% of theory), and maximum tensile strengths and Young's moduli up to 2.0 and 84 GPa are obtained already at 1400 °C. For comparison, the use of the well‐known carbonization aid ammonium dihydrogenphosphate ((NH 4 )H 2 PO 4 ), ADHP, is also investigated. Both the precursor and the CFs are characterized via elemental analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry/infrared spectroscopy discloses differences in structure formation between ATS and ADHP‐derived CFs during pyrolysis.