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Flame Retardancy of Polymers: The Role of Specific Reactions in the Condensed Phase
Author(s) -
Schartel Bernhard,
Perret Birgit,
Dittrich Bettina,
Ciesielski Michael,
Krämer Johannes,
Müller Patrick,
Altstädt Volker,
Zang Lin,
Döring Manfred
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
macromolecular materials and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.913
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1439-2054
pISSN - 1438-7492
DOI - 10.1002/mame.201500250
Subject(s) - charring , fire retardant , materials science , epoxy , polymer , phase (matter) , gas phase , polymer science , composite material , organic chemistry , chemistry
Condensed‐phase mechanisms play a major role in fire‐retardant polymers. Generations of development have followed the concept of charring to improve fire properties. Whereas the principal reactions are believed to be known, the specific description for multicomponent systems is lacking, as is the picture across different systems. A two‐step approach is proposed in general, and also presented in greater detail. The second step covers the specific reactions controlling charring, whereas the actual reactants are provided in the preceding step. This model consistently incorporates the variety of structure–property relationships reported. A comprehensive case study is presented on seven phosphorus flame retardants in two epoxy resins to breathe life into the two‐step approach.