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Ethylene Carbonate used as Reagent and Green Solvent in the Chemical Modification of Corncob
Author(s) -
ChamúMuñoz Adriana,
HernándezMeléndez Oscar,
HernándezLuna Martín,
AlcarazCienfuegos Jorge,
VivaldoLima Eduardo,
Bárzana Eduardo
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
macromolecular materials and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.913
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1439-2054
pISSN - 1438-7492
DOI - 10.1002/mame.201500001
Subject(s) - corncob , reagent , materials science , solvent , ethylene carbonate , monomer , ethylene , residue (chemistry) , chemical modification , chemical engineering , catalysis , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , chemistry , polymer chemistry , polymer , composite material , raw material , electrode , engineering , electrolyte
Ethylene carbonate (EC) is selected as reagent and green solvent for the modification of corncob (CC), a lignocellulosic residue obtained from wet or dry milling processes during industrial and food applications of corn grains, as well as from ethanol production plants, using the following three reaction systems: (i) liquid phase (LP) and LP‐pressurized at moderate temperatures (85–175°C); (ii) solid phase at low temperatures (65–85 °C); and (iii) vapor phase at moderate temperatures (120–160 °C). Both the LP and LP‐pressurized systems allow the incorporation of large amounts of EC units. LP‐pressurized systems promote faster CC modification (25–35 min) at 165 °C and reduced consumption of EC monomer. CC modification in solid phase promotes moderate incorporation of EC units at low temperatures (60–80 °C) using K 2 CO 3 as catalyst. CC modification in the vapor phase system is acceptable, efficient, and shows low monomer consumption.