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Functionalization of Poly(propylene) Fabric with 4‐Vinylpyridine, N , N ‐Dimethylacrylamide and Styrene by γ ‐Radiation‐Induced Grafting in an Aqueous Environment
Author(s) -
Khan Ferdous,
Kronfli Esam,
Bradley Mark
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
macromolecular materials and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.913
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1439-2054
pISSN - 1438-7492
DOI - 10.1002/mame.200600172
Subject(s) - copolymer , monomer , materials science , grafting , crystallinity , activation energy , polymer chemistry , styrene , reactivity (psychology) , polymer , chemistry , composite material , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Summary: VP and co‐monomers DMAAm and ST were successfully grafted onto a PP fabric in an emulsion copolymerization process initiated by γ ‐radiation. The radiation dose, concentration of VP, the ratio of VP/DMAAm and VP/ST in the reaction solution, and the reaction temperature dependent graft copolymerization were investigated. The order of dependence of the initial rate of grafting on the radiation dose was found to be in the range of 1.2 to 0.93 for VP; 0.84 to 0.70 for VP/DMAAm and for VP/ST was in the range of 0.59 to 0.41. The activation energy of the graft copolymer reaction was determined to be 40.18 J · mol −1 for 0.464 mol · L −1 VP. In the case of co‐monomer mixtures (VP/DMAAm: 0.464/0.5) the energy of activation was noticeably higher at 49.71 J · mol −1 while for VP/ST (0.464/0.436) the activation energy was same as that of VP. XRD results showed that overall crystallinity significantly decreased with the increase of graft weight with a noticeable change in the chemical structure of the PP, indicating that the graft copolymer reaction was taking place both in the amorphous and crystalline regions of PP. A similar characteristic behavior was also obtained by DSC, which revealed the presence of an endotherm process in the range of 25 to 130 °C depending on the degree of grafting, attributed to the grafted chains of the monomer/co‐monomers. In order to determine the graft copolymer reaction of VP, DMAAm and ST onto the backbone of PP, the reaction products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. A good correlation was found between changes of crystallinity and level of graft copolymerization as determined by WAXRD and DSC.Typical XRD traces of as‐received PP fabric (PPF) and grafted with VP (PPF‐g‐VP).