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Synthesis of Nitroxide End‐Labeled Polymers by Capturing Polystyrene Radicals with Spin Traps
Author(s) -
Heiler Katherine E.,
Pan Ching W.,
Heiler Alexander J.,
Wu Jessica P.,
Tillman Eric S.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
macromolecular chemistry and physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.57
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1521-3935
pISSN - 1022-1352
DOI - 10.1002/macp.201800171
Subject(s) - nitroxide mediated radical polymerization , chemistry , photochemistry , radical , atom transfer radical polymerization , polymer chemistry , electron paramagnetic resonance , radical polymerization , polymerization , polymer , polystyrene , radical disproportionation , cobalt mediated radical polymerization , nitroxyl , organic chemistry , catalysis , disproportionation , physics , nuclear magnetic resonance
Atom transfer radical polymerization is used to synthesize brominated polystyrene, and the alkyl halide chain end is transformed into a nitroxide radical by the addition of excess nitrosobenzene to a redox active reaction mixture. The nitroxide group at the chain is verified using gel permeation chromatography, UV–vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing the addition of the nitroso group does not result in a doubling of molecular weight, with the resulting polymer possessing new absorptions in the 300–400 nm range and an unpaired electron. The nature of the radical trap plays a role in halting the reaction at the end‐capped nitroxide polymer, rather than undergoing dimerization via atom transfer radical coupling‐type pathways. The polymeric nitroxide radical can be used to trap a second polymer radical in a subsequent reaction, simply by reacting with a second bromine‐capped polymer and adjusting the redox activity of the solution.