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The “Grafting‐to” of Well‐Defined Polystyrene on Graphene Oxide via Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization
Author(s) -
GarcíaValdez Omar,
LedezmaRodríguez Raquel,
TorresLubian Román,
Yate Luis,
SaldívarGuerra Enrique,
Ziolo Ronald F.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
macromolecular chemistry and physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.57
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1521-3935
pISSN - 1022-1352
DOI - 10.1002/macp.201600230
Subject(s) - polystyrene , glycidyl methacrylate , polymer chemistry , dispersity , polymerization , thermogravimetric analysis , graphene , gel permeation chromatography , materials science , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , grafting , oxide , chemistry , chemical engineering , polymer , organic chemistry , nanotechnology , composite material , engineering
The grafting of well‐defined polystyrene to graphene oxide (GO) using nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) is demonstrated by a two‐step reaction. In the first step, GO is functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to yield GO‐GMA. Polystyrene (PS), previously synthesized via SG1‐based NMP, is then grafted to GO‐GMA by a simple reaction between the SG1 end group and the GMA double bond to yield GO‐GMA‐ g ‐PS. 1 H, heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation (HSQC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are consistent with attachment of the GMA group to the GO surface and with polystyrene being grafted to the GO surface to form the GO‐GMA‐ g ‐PS nanocomposite (NC). GPC analysis shows a number‐average molecular weight of 3330 g mol −1 for the PS with molecular weight dispersity (Ð) of 1.13. Up to 28 mass% of PS has been introduced into the GO NC. The present “grafting‐to” methodology holds promise for the facile and clean synthesis of graphene oxide polymer NCs.