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Chemistry and Mechanism of Alkene Polymerization Reactions with Metallocene Catalysts
Author(s) -
Kissin Yury V.,
Goldman Alan S.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
macromolecular chemistry and physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.57
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1521-3935
pISSN - 1022-1352
DOI - 10.1002/macp.200900229
Subject(s) - metallocene , chemistry , polymer chemistry , chain transfer , alkene , polymerization , propene , chain termination , coordination polymerization , ethylene , copolymer , polymer , oligomer , living polymerization , catalysis , radical polymerization , organic chemistry
The structures of oligomers formed in ethylene polymerization reactions catalyzed by metallocene complexes are described. Ethylene was homopolymerized and copolymerized with four 1‐alkenes—propene, hex‐1‐ene, hept‐1‐ene, and 3,3‐dimethylbut‐1‐ene—using as catalysts ( n ‐Bu‐Cp) 2 ZrCl 2 and (Me‐Cp) 2 ZrCl 2 complexes activated with MAO, both in the absence and in the presence of H 2 . Oligomers generated in these reactions are the low molecular weight “tails” of the molecular weight distributions of the respective homopolymers and copolymers. GC analysis affords structural identification of each polymer molecule, albeit a very short one, individually. Analysis of the co‐oligomer structures provides explicit confirmation of the standard mechanisms and kinetics of chain growth and chain transfer reactions. The kinetic features include primary and secondary insertion reactions of 1‐alkene molecules into Cp 2 ZrC and Cp 2 ZrH bonds, chain transfer reactions to AlMe 3 , independence of chain growth rate constants on the size of polymer chains attached to active centers, etc. GC analysis also yields detailed information on an unusual feature of metallocene catalysis, namely the formation of saturated macromolecules in ethylene polymerization reactions performed in the absence of H 2 .