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Quantifying adherence of oxide scales on steels exposed to high temperature and pressure steam
Author(s) -
Pillai Rishi,
Pearson Samuel,
Gussev Maxim N.,
Watkins Thomas R.,
Pint Bruce A.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
materials and corrosion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.487
H-Index - 55
eISSN - 1521-4176
pISSN - 0947-5117
DOI - 10.1002/maco.202012260
Subject(s) - oxide , materials science , metallurgy , cracking , steam turbine , alloy , superheater , austenite , exfoliation joint , martensite , composite material , microstructure , boiler (water heating) , mechanical engineering , waste management , nanotechnology , graphene , engineering
Oxide scale exfoliation is a major concern in fossil fuel power generation because it can cause tube blockages and erode valves and steam turbine components downstream. There is still considerable scientific and commercial interest to improve the mechanistic understanding of oxide failures by developing models to predict exfoliation and the extent of tube blockage as a function of operating conditions and component geometries. Tensile testing inside a scanning electron microscope was conducted on ferritic–martensitic and austenitic steel specimens with the steam side (Fe,Cr)‐rich oxides grown after exposures for up to 1000 h in steam with ~100 ppb O 2 at 276 bar and 550°C. Multiple oxide layer cracks and delamination events were observed and analyzed in detail during the tests. Results from the testing agreed well with earlier observations that had identified the failure location at the outer–inner oxide layer for all tested materials. Calculated adhesion energies identified the outer–inner oxide interface of alloy 347HFG as the weakest interface.