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Manufacture of Soft‐Hard Implants from Electrospun Filaments Embedded in 3D Printed Structures
Author(s) -
Alkaissy Rand,
Richard Michael,
Morris Hayley,
Snelling Sarah,
Pinchbeck Henry,
Carr Andrew,
Mouthuy PierreAlexis
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
macromolecular bioscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.924
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1616-5195
pISSN - 1616-5187
DOI - 10.1002/mabi.202200156
Subject(s) - rotator cuff , tendon , biomedical engineering , soft tissue , scaffold , materials science , polydioxanone , electrospinning , tearing , rotator cuff injury , surgery , medicine , composite material , polymer
Rotator cuff tendon tears are common injuries of the musculoskeletal system that often require surgical repair. However, re‐tearing following repair is a significant clinical problem, with a failure rate of up to 40%, notably at the transition from bone to tendon. The development of biphasic materials consisting of soft and hard components, which can mimic this interface, is therefore promising. Here, a simple manufacturing approach is proposed that combines electrospun filaments and 3D printing to achieve scaffolds made of a soft polydioxanone cuff embedded in a porous polycaprolactone block. The insertion area of the cuff is based on the supraspinatus tendon footprint and the size of the cuff is scaled up from 9 to 270 electrospun filaments to reach a clinically relevant strength of 227N on average. The biological evaluation shows that the biphasic scaffold components are noncytotoxic, and that tendon and bone cells can be grown on the cuff and block, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that combining electrospinning and 3D printing is a feasible and promising approach to create soft‐to‐hard biphasic scaffolds that can improve the outcomes of rotator cuff repair.