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Self‐Folded Hydrogel Tubes for Implantable Muscular Tissue Scaffolds
Author(s) -
Vannozzi Lorenzo,
Yasa Immihan Ceren,
Ceylan Hakan,
Menciassi Arianna,
Ricotti Leonardo,
Sitti Metin
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
macromolecular bioscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.924
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1616-5195
pISSN - 1616-5187
DOI - 10.1002/mabi.201700377
Subject(s) - self healing hydrogels , tissue engineering , ethylene glycol , biomedical engineering , fascicle , myocyte , drug delivery , nanotechnology , materials science , artificial muscle , actuator , computer science , chemistry , anatomy , engineering , microbiology and biotechnology , artificial intelligence , polymer chemistry , biology , organic chemistry
Programming materials with tunable physical and chemical interactions among its components pave the way of generating 3D functional active microsystems with various potential applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics. Here, the development of a recapitulated fascicle‐like implantable muscle construct by programmed self‐folding of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels is reported. The system comprises two stacked layers, each with differential swelling degrees, stiffnesses, and thicknesses in 2D, which folds into a 3D tube together. Inside the tubes, muscle cell adhesion and their spatial alignment are controlled. Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells also exhibit high viability, and cardiac myocytes preserve their contractile function over the course of 7 d. Integration of biological cells with smart, shape‐changing materials could give rise to the development of new cellular constructs for hierarchical tissue assembly, drug testing platforms, and biohybrid actuators that can perform sophisticated tasks.