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A Copolymer Scaffold Functionalized with Nanodiamond Particles Enhances Osteogenic Metabolic Activity and Bone Regeneration
Author(s) -
Yassin Mohammed A.,
Mustafa Kamal,
Xing Zhe,
Sun Yang,
Fasmer Kristine Eldevik,
Waag Thilo,
Krueger Anke,
SteinmüllerNethl Doris,
FinneWistrand Anna,
Leknes Knut N.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
macromolecular bioscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.924
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1616-5195
pISSN - 1616-5187
DOI - 10.1002/mabi.201600427
Subject(s) - chemistry , protein adsorption , scaffold , nanodiamond , regeneration (biology) , adsorption , biocompatibility , biomedical engineering , surface modification , chemical engineering , adhesion , copolymer , biophysics , polymer , organic chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , engineering , diamond , biology
Functionalizing polymer scaffolds with nanodiamond particles (nDPs) has pronounced effect on the surface properties, such as improved wettability, an increased active area and binding sites for cellular attachment and adhesion, and increased ability to immobilize biomolecules by physical adsorption. This study aims to evaluate the effect of poly( l ‐lactide‐ co ‐ε‐caprolactone) (poly(LLA‐ co ‐CL)) scaffolds, functionalized with nDPs, on bone regeneration in a rat calvarial critical size defect. Poly(LLA‐ co ‐CL) scaffolds functionalized with nDPs are also compared with pristine scaffolds with reference to albumin adsorption and seeding efficiency of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Compared with pristine scaffolds, the experimental scaffolds exhibit a reduction in albumin adsorption and a significant increase in the seeding efficiency of BMSCs ( p = 0.027). In the calvarial defects implanted with BMSC‐seeded poly(LLA‐ co ‐CL)/nDPs scaffolds, live imaging at 12 weeks discloses a significant increase in osteogenic metabolic activity ( p = 0.016). Microcomputed tomography, confirmed by histological data, reveals a substantial increase in bone volume ( p = 0.021). The results show that compared with conventional poly(LLA‐ co ‐CL) scaffolds those functionalized with nDPs promote osteogenic metabolic activity and mineralization capacity. It is concluded that poly(LLA‐ co ‐CL) composite matrices functionalized with nDPs enhance osteoconductivity and therefore warrant further study as potential scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering.