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Trivalent Cation Induced Bundle Formation of Filamentous fd Phages
Author(s) -
Korkmaz Zirpel Nuriye,
Park Eun Jin
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
macromolecular bioscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.924
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1616-5195
pISSN - 1616-5187
DOI - 10.1002/mabi.201500046
Subject(s) - counterion , chemistry , polyelectrolyte , spectroscopy , colloid , crystallography , biophysics , ion , biology , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , polymer
Bacteriophages are filamentous polyelectrolyte viral rods infecting only bacteria. In this study, we investigate the bundle formation of fd phages with trivalent cations having different ionic radii (Al 3+ , La 3+ and Y 3+ ) at various phage and counterion concentrations, and at varying bundling times. Aggregated phage bundles were detected at relatively low trivalent counterion concentrations (1 mM). Although 10 mM and 100 mM Y 3+ and La 3+ treatments formed larger and more intertwined phage bundles, Al 3+ and Fe 3+ treatments lead to the formation of networking filaments. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirmed the presence of C, N and O peaks on densely packed phage bundles. Immunofluorescence labelling and ELISA analyses with anti‐p8 antibodies showed the presence of phage filaments after bundling.