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Unraveling the Uptake Mechanisms of Mannan Nanogel in Bone‐Marrow‐Derived Macrophages
Author(s) -
Ferreira Sílvia A.,
Correia Alexandra,
Madureira Pedro,
Vilanova Manuel,
Gama Francisco M.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
macromolecular bioscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.924
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1616-5195
pISSN - 1616-5187
DOI - 10.1002/mabi.201200075
Subject(s) - nanogel , mannan , endocytosis , internalization , chemistry , phagocytosis , intracellular , microbiology and biotechnology , adjuvant , mannose receptor , nanocarriers , drug delivery , pinocytosis , macrophage , cell , immunology , biochemistry , biology , polysaccharide , organic chemistry , in vitro
The mechanisms associated with the cellular internalization of nanomedicines must be carefully considered when designing drug‐ and vaccine‐delivery systems. The cellular fate and effects of nanomedicines depend to a large extent on the cell uptake routes. A self‐assembled mannan nanogel is developed as a vaccination platform for antigen and adjuvant delivery. The mannan nanogel uptake by murine bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages is found to be time‐, concentration‐, and energy‐dependent, involving mannose‐receptor‐mediated phagocytosis and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. The nanogel is also visualized in the cytosol suggesting endolysosomal escape. These results indicate that mannan nanogel is a promising versatile carrier for intracellular delivery of vaccines or therapeutic agents.