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Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation by Control of Retinoic Acid Gradients in Hydrospun 3D Scaffold
Author(s) -
Tzezana Roey,
Reznik Stanislav,
Blumenthal Jacob,
Zussman Eyal,
Levenberg Shulamit
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
macromolecular bioscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.924
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1616-5195
pISSN - 1616-5187
DOI - 10.1002/mabi.201100312
Subject(s) - morphogen , retinoic acid , scaffold , chemistry , tissue engineering , biophysics , bioreactor , microbiology and biotechnology , cellular differentiation , cell fate determination , biomedical engineering , biochemistry , biology , genetics , gene , medicine , organic chemistry , transcription factor
Morphogen gradients have been associated with differential gene expression and are implicated in the triggering and regulation of developmental biological processes. This study focused on creating morphogenic gradients through the thickness of hydrospun scaffolds. Specifically, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibers were loaded with all‐ trans ‐retinoic acid (ATRA), and designed to release ATRA at a predetermined rate. Multilayered scaffolds designed to present varied initial ATRA concentrations were then exposed to flow conditions in a bioreactor. Gradient formation was verified by a simple convection‐diffusion mathematical model approving establishment of a continuous solute gradient across the scaffold. The biological value of the designed gradients in scaffolds was evaluated by monitoring the fate of murine embryonal carcinoma cells embedded within the scaffolds. Cell differentiation within the different layers matched the predictions set forth by the theoretical model, in accordance with the ATRA gradient formed across the scaffold. This tool bears powerful potential in establishing in vitro simulation models for better understanding the inner workings of the embryo.