The practice of innovation

The Seroprevalence of FMD in Benshangul Gumz was 28.57% in bovine and 4.64% in sheep and goats while in Somali region 23.75% in bovine and 6.6% in sheep and goats. The overall prevalence of FMD in bovine, sheep and goats was 13.93%. A total 21408 samples tested for certification 11.40% were positive for FMD virus antibody in cattle prevalence ranges from 13.5 to 55.23% while in sheep and goat 4.5 to 7.4%. Outbreak investigation showed that 45.2% of 372 samples were positive for FMD virus antibody and of 263 (tissues, swabs and oropharyngeal fluids) tested by FMD antigen detection ELISA 53.6 % were positive for FMD virus. Serotype O, serotype A, serotype SAT2, and serotype SAT1 are FMD serotypes that were detected in outbreaks. Neighbor–joining trees VPI coding sequence of serotype A, serotype O and SAT2 FMD virus at WRLFMD showed that similarity of virus with the previous isolates of Ethiopia. Some serotype O closely related to Yemen isolates of 2006/08/09. Some serotype of SAT2 was also related to isolate of Oman in the same year. FMD serotype A isolate in Ethiopia during 2015 was more closely related to FMD serotype A of Sudan isolate in 2011. Occurrence of multiple FMD serotypes (O, A, and SAT2) which also circulates across the borders of neighboring countries make complex epidemiology of FMD. The FMD isolates of O/ETH/3/2015 and O/ETH/1/2016 were antigenically matched with O 3039 and O/TUR/5/2009 and unlikely match with O Manisa vaccines strain. The FMD SAT2 isolates were antigenically matched with SAT ERI than that of SAT2 ZIM vaccine strain. The FMD isolate of serotype A had poor antigenic matching with vaccine strain. Prophylactic vaccination which protect against all serotypes and animal movement control may contribute to control of FMD