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Precipitants of Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure: An Opportunity for Preventative Measures to Improve Outcomes
Author(s) -
Cullaro Giuseppe,
Sharma Rajani,
Trebicka Jonel,
Cárdenas Andrés,
Verna Elizabeth C.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
liver transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.814
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1527-6473
pISSN - 1527-6465
DOI - 10.1002/lt.25678
Subject(s) - medicine , intensive care medicine , liver disease , chronic liver disease , incidence (geometry) , viral hepatitis , liver transplantation , chronic hepatitis , intervention (counseling) , disease , liver failure , complication , immunology , transplantation , cirrhosis , psychiatry , virus , physics , optics
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a feared complication that can develop at any stage of chronic liver disease. The incidence of ACLF is increasing, leading to a significant burden to both the affected individual and health care systems. To date, our understanding of ACLF suggests that it may be initiated by precipitants such as systemic infection, alcohol use, or viral hepatitis. The prevalence of these vary significantly by geography and underlying liver disease, and these precipitants have a varying impact on patient prognosis. Herein, we present a review of our current understanding of the precipitants of ACLF, including gaps in current data and opportunities for meaningful intervention and areas of future research.