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Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: Processes in inflammatory networks—A review
Author(s) -
AbuAmara Mahmoud,
Yang Shi Yu,
Tapuria Niteen,
Fuller Barry,
Davidson Brian,
Seifalian Alexander
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
liver transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.814
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1527-6473
pISSN - 1527-6465
DOI - 10.1002/lt.22117
Subject(s) - chemokine , medicine , liver injury , inflammation , ischemia , immunology , pathophysiology , reperfusion injury , mitochondrion , receptor , neuroscience , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , biology , pharmacology
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is typified by an inflammatory response. Understanding the cellular and molecular events underpinning this inflammation is fundamental to developing therapeutic strategies. Great strides have been made in this respect recently. Liver IR involves a complex web of interactions between the various cellular and humoral contributors to the inflammatory response. Kupffer cells, CD4+ lymphocytes, neutrophils, and hepatocytes are central cellular players. Various cytokines, chemokines, and complement proteins form the communication system between the cellular components. The contribution of the danger‐associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors to the pathophysiology of liver IR injury are slowly being elucidated. Our knowledge on the role of mitochondria in generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in contributing to ionic disturbances, and in initiating the mitochondrial permeability transition with subsequent cellular death in liver IR injury is continuously being expanded. Here, we discuss recent findings pertaining to the aforementioned factors of liver IR, and we highlight areas with gaps in our knowledge, necessitating further research. Liver Transpl 16:1016–1032, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.