Premium
Effect of laser therapy on immune cells infiltrate after excisional wounds in diabetic rats
Author(s) -
de Loura Santana Cristiano,
de Fátima Teixeira Silva Daniela,
de Souza Amanda Pires,
Jacinto Marcos Vinicius,
Bussadori Sandra Kalil,
MesquitaFerrari Raquel Agnelli,
Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos,
França Cristiane Miranda
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
lasers in surgery and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1096-9101
pISSN - 0196-8092
DOI - 10.1002/lsm.22445
Subject(s) - medicine , cd68 , immune system , diabetes mellitus , immunohistochemistry , elastase , immunity , lymphocyte , innate immune system , low level laser therapy , antibody , urology , pathology , laser therapy , surgery , laser , immunology , biology , endocrinology , biochemistry , physics , optics , enzyme
Background and Objective Diabetes alters innate and specific immunity, causing an imbalanced tissue repair process. Very active neutrophils and macrophages are found for a long time in chronic wounds in those individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the main effector cells of immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes) and to compare the effects of two laser therapy regimens in the postoperative treatment of excision wounds. Method Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats and a punch was used to cause wounds in the dorsum of each individual. The animals were randomly allocated to a control group (CG), in which the wound was untreated, a single‐dose laser group (SLG), in which the wound was submitted to single dose of laser therapy at wavelength of 660 nm, output power of 30 mW, energy density of 4 J/cm 2 , and 26‐second exposure time, and a fractionated‐dose laser group (FLG), submitted to 1 J/cm 2 of laser therapy on Days 1, 3, 8, and 10. Euthanasia was performed on five animals from each group Days 1, 3, 8, 10, 15, and 22. The wound was removed and routinely processed for immunohistochemistry against elastase, CD3, CD68, and CD206 antibodies. The samples were photographed and labeled cells were counted by a blinded observer. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis. Results Neutrophils were predominant in the SLG on Day 1, whereas these cells were mostly found in the CG on Day 3 ( P < 0.05). The T lymphocyte count was similar in all groups in the throughout the experiment. On Day 3, the SLG exhibited a greater number of total macrophages (CD68+) ( P < 0.05), whereas the macrophage count was similar among the different groups on the other evaluation days. The CD206 + cell counts revealed that the SLG had more M2 macrophages than the CG on Day 8 ( P < 0.05), whereas the FLG exhibited more M2 macrophages than the CG on Day 10 ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The present findings demonstrate that laser therapy can alter the composition of inflammatory infiltrate in diabetic wounds, leading to a more balanced response transiting from a rapid neutrophil infiltration through to M2 macrophage polarization, especially with a single application of 4 J/cm 2 in the immediate postoperative period. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:45–51, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.