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Combined two‐photon luminescence microscopy and OCT for macrophage detection in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit aorta using plasmonic gold nanorose
Author(s) -
Wang Tianyi,
Mancuso J. Jacob,
Kazmi S.M. Shams,
Dwelle Jordan,
Sapozhnikova Veronika,
Willsey Brian,
Ma Li L.,
Qiu Jinze,
Li Xiankai,
Dunn Andrew K.,
Johnston Keith P.,
Feldman Marc D.,
Milner Thomas E.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
lasers in surgery and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1096-9101
pISSN - 0196-8092
DOI - 10.1002/lsm.21153
Subject(s) - microscopy , aorta , macrophage , two photon excitation microscopy , pathology , optical coherence tomography , elastin , biomedical engineering , materials science , chemistry , biophysics , medicine , optics , biology , radiology , in vitro , surgery , biochemistry , physics , fluorescence
Background and Objectives The macrophage is an important early cellular marker related to risk of future rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Two‐channel two‐photon luminescence (TPL) microscopy combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to detect, and further characterize the distribution of aorta‐based macrophages using plasmonic gold nanorose as an imaging contrast agent. Study Design/Materials and Methods Nanorose uptake by macrophages was identified by TPL microscopy in macrophage cell culture. Ex vivo aorta segments (8 × 8 × 2 mm 3 ) rich in macrophages from a rabbit model of aorta inflammation were imaged by TPL microscopy in combination with OCT. Aorta histological sections (5 µm in thickness) were also imaged by TPL microscopy. Results Merged two‐channel TPL images showed the lateral and depth distribution of nanorose‐loaded macrophages (confirmed by RAM‐11 stain) and other aorta components (e.g., elastin fiber and lipid droplet), suggesting that nanorose‐loaded macrophages are diffusively distributed and mostly detected superficially within 20 µm from the luminal surface of the aorta. Moreover, OCT images depicted detailed surface structure of the diseased aorta. Conclusions Results suggest that TPL microscopy combined with OCT can simultaneously reveal macrophage distribution with respect to aorta surface structure, which has the potential to detect vulnerable plaques and monitor plaque‐based macrophages overtime during cardiovascular interventions. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:49–59, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.